Course Catalog

Introduction to Cultural Anthropology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Introduces the discipline of cultural anthropology and its distinctive approach to understanding human diversity. Students examine culture, language, kinship, economic life, political organization, religion, gender, race and ethnicity through ethnographic case studies drawn from around the world. The course emphasizes cultural relativism, the ethics of fieldwork, and the critical analysis of colonialism, globalization and migration. Students practise participant observation and ethnographic writing, and learn to connect everyday experiences in their own communities to broader social and historical forces. The course provides a foundation for further study in the social sciences and for work in intercultural settings.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Survey of Art History

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Surveys the history of visual art from prehistoric times to the present, emphasizing the cultural, religious, political and technological contexts in which works were made. Students study major monuments and movements in painting, sculpture and architecture from Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas, and learn the formal vocabulary used to describe them. Through museum-style analysis, comparison and written commentary, students develop visual literacy and an appreciation of how art reflects and shapes society. Topics include ancient and classical traditions, medieval and Renaissance art, global encounters, modernism, and contemporary practice.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Arts Capstone Seminar

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This capstone seminar integrates learning from the Bachelor of Arts. Each student designs and completes an independent project in their major that poses a significant question, draws on appropriate methods and sources, and results in a substantial paper or creative-critical work. Seminar sessions address project management, ethical research, quantitative and qualitative evidence, scholarly communication and peer critique. Students present their work publicly and reflect on their intellectual growth and plans for careers or graduate study, demonstrating readiness for professional and civic life.

Prerequisites

ENG 1100 with a minimum grade of C-, and STA 2100 with a minimum grade of C- (and at least 90 credits).

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Introduction to Astronomy

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Surveys the nature and scale of the universe, from the Sun and planets to stars, galaxies and cosmology. Students learn how astronomers use light, telescopes and physical laws to measure distances, temperatures and ages. Topics include the solar system, the life cycle of stars, black holes, galaxies, the expanding universe, and the search for life beyond Earth. Observing sessions, simulations and public data archives give students practice in scientific reasoning, while discussion addresses the history and cultural dimensions of astronomy.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Human Biology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Introduces the structure and function of the human body and the biological principles that underlie health and disease. Students examine cells and genetics, the major organ systems, nutrition, immunity, and the interaction of lifestyle and environment with well-being. Emphasis is placed on reading scientific evidence, interpreting health information in the media, and applying biological concepts to everyday decisions and public health issues. Weekly laboratory-style activities and case studies develop observation and data interpretation skills for students from any discipline.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Introduction to Business

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Provides a broad introduction to how businesses are organized, managed and operated in a global economy. Students examine forms of ownership, entrepreneurship, management functions, marketing, operations, human resources, accounting and finance, and the legal and ethical environment of business. Current cases from small and large firms illustrate how organizations create value and respond to technology, competition and social expectations. Students develop teamwork and communication skills through case discussion and a group business concept project.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Chemistry in Society

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Explores the chemistry that underlies materials, energy, food, medicines and the environment encountered in everyday life. Students study atoms, bonding, chemical reactions, acids and bases, and the chemistry of the atmosphere, water and consumer products. Case studies on climate change, plastics and household chemicals show how chemical knowledge informs policy and personal decisions. Laboratory-style demonstrations and data analysis develop scientific reasoning for students without a background in chemistry and prepare them to follow scientific debates with confidence.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Interpersonal and Intercultural Communication

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course explores how people create meaning and build relationships through communication in personal, academic, community and workplace contexts. Students study theories of verbal and nonverbal communication, listening, perception, conflict, and the influence of culture, identity and technology on interaction. Through role plays, structured dialogues, presentations and reflective journals, students develop skills in active listening, assertive expression, feedback and collaboration across cultural differences. Emphasis is placed on ethical communication, empathy and inclusive practice in diverse Canadian and global settings.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Media and Society

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Examines the role of media in shaping culture, politics and everyday life. Students study the history and political economy of print, broadcast and digital media, and apply theories of representation, audiences, framing and technology to contemporary cases. Topics include news production, advertising, popular culture, social media platforms, misinformation, surveillance and algorithmic bias. The course combines critical reading with applied media analysis, including content analysis and audience research, and asks students to reflect on their own media practices. Emphasis is placed on media literacy and on communicating analysis effectively to academic and public audiences.

Prerequisites

ENG 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Introduction to Criminology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Provides a sociological and interdisciplinary introduction to crime, criminal law and the criminal justice system. Students learn how crime is defined and measured, review major theories of criminal behaviour from classical and biological perspectives to strain, control, labelling and critical theories, and examine patterns of offending and victimization. The course considers policing, courts, corrections and restorative justice, with particular attention to racialized and Indigenous communities and to Canadian and comparative examples. Students evaluate evidence, debate policy and reflect on ethical issues in justice.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Digital Literacy and Computing Essentials

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course builds the digital skills needed for study, work and citizenship. Students learn how computers, networks and the internet work, and use productivity software for word processing, spreadsheets and presentations. Topics include file management, cloud collaboration, data analysis with spreadsheets, introductory programming concepts through block-based and scripting tools, online privacy and cybersecurity, and the social and ethical implications of technology, including artificial intelligence. Hands-on labs and projects develop confidence, problem-solving and the ability to evaluate and select digital tools for different tasks.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Data Literacy and Visualization

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Develops the skills to find, clean, analyze, visualize and communicate data responsibly. Students learn how data are collected and structured, work with spreadsheets and basic scripting tools to summarize and chart data, and apply principles of visual design to create clear and honest graphics. The course covers descriptive statistics, sampling and uncertainty, misleading statistics, privacy and algorithmic bias. Projects use open data on topics such as health, environment and public policy and culminate in an infographic or dashboard for a general audience.

Prerequisites

MAT 1100 with a minimum grade of C-, and CSC 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Principles of Microeconomics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course introduces the economic way of thinking and the principles of microeconomics. Students study scarcity and choice, supply and demand, elasticity, consumer and producer behaviour, costs of production, and the operation of competitive and imperfectly competitive markets. The course also considers market failures such as externalities and public goods, and the role of government policy. Graphs, simple algebra and real-world cases are used to analyze everyday decisions, business strategy and public policy, preparing students for further study in economics and the social sciences.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Principles of Macroeconomics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Introduces the economy as a whole. Students study national income accounting, economic growth, unemployment, inflation, and the business cycle, then examine how aggregate demand and aggregate supply determine output and prices. The course explains the roles of money, banking, and the central bank, and compares fiscal and monetary policy in stabilizing the economy. Open-economy topics, including exchange rates and the balance of payments, are introduced. Students practise reading macroeconomic data, building simple graphical models, and evaluating current policy debates in Canada and the United States using evidence from official statistics.

Prerequisites

ECN 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Intermediate Microeconomics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Develops the theory of consumer and producer behaviour using calculus-based models. Topics include preferences and utility maximization, demand and elasticity, production and cost, perfect competition, monopoly, and introductory game theory. The course extends to general equilibrium, externalities, public goods, and welfare economics. Students formulate and solve constrained optimization problems and use the results to analyse markets and public policy. Emphasis is placed on connecting formal models to empirical examples, such as pricing, taxation, and regulation, and on communicating technical results clearly.

Prerequisites

ECN 1100 with a minimum grade of C-, and MAT 1150 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Intermediate Macroeconomics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Studies the determinants of aggregate output, employment, inflation, and interest rates. The course develops long-run growth theory, the classical and Keynesian models, and the IS-LM and aggregate demand-aggregate supply frameworks. It then introduces dynamic ideas, including consumption and investment decisions, expectations, and the Phillips curve. Students use these tools to analyse monetary and fiscal policy, business cycles, and financial crises. Throughout, theory is linked to data on the Canadian and US economies, and students practise solving models algebraically and interpreting the results.

Prerequisites

ECN 1200 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Introduction to Econometrics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Introduces the statistical methods economists use to estimate relationships and test hypotheses with data. The course reviews probability and inference, then develops simple and multiple linear regression, the properties of least squares estimators, hypothesis tests, and model specification. Topics include dummy variables, heteroskedasticity, functional form, omitted variables, and an introduction to causal inference and time series. Students use statistical software to analyse real data sets, interpret results in economic terms, and critique published empirical work. A research project integrates data work, interpretation, and written reporting.

Prerequisites

ECN 1100 with a minimum grade of C-, and STA 2100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Money and Banking

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Examines the role of money, financial markets, and banking in the economy. Topics include the determination of interest rates, the structure and regulation of financial institutions, bank management, and the economics of financial crises. The course analyses how central banks conduct monetary policy, including inflation targeting and unconventional tools, and how policy affects output, inflation, and asset prices. Students study the Canadian and US financial systems and use current data to evaluate policy decisions. Written analysis and class discussion of central bank communications are important components of the course.

Prerequisites

ECN 2200 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

International Economics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Analyses the economics of international trade and finance. The first half covers classical and modern trade theory, including comparative advantage, factor endowments, increasing returns, and firm heterogeneity, as well as the effects of tariffs, quotas, and trade agreements. The second half covers the balance of payments, exchange rate determination, and open-economy macroeconomics, including international monetary systems and currency crises. Students use data and models to assess trade policy and exchange rate regimes, with attention to Canada's trade relationships and the distributional effects of globalisation.

Prerequisites

ECN 2100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Labour Economics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Applies microeconomic theory and econometric methods to labour markets. Topics include labour supply and demand, human capital and education, wage determination, compensating differentials, discrimination, migration, unions, and unemployment. The course examines earnings inequality and the effects of minimum wages, immigration, and labour market policy. Students read and replicate empirical research, estimate wage equations with real data, and consider the equity and ethical dimensions of labour market outcomes. Emphasis is placed on understanding how empirical evidence is used to evaluate policy.

Prerequisites

ECN 2100 with a minimum grade of C-, and ECN 2300 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Economic Development

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Examines why some countries are rich and others poor and how poverty can be reduced. The course covers theories of growth and structural change, institutions and history, human capital, health, and demography. It then analyses development policy topics including trade and industrialisation, microfinance, foreign aid, agriculture, and governance, using evidence from randomized trials and cross-country research. Students evaluate competing explanations and policies, consider ethical and distributional issues, and complete a team-based country study that integrates theory, data, and policy recommendations.

Prerequisites

ECN 2100 with a minimum grade of C-, and ECN 2200 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Academic Writing and Research

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course develops the reading, research and writing practices expected in university study. Students learn to analyze academic texts, formulate focused research questions, locate and evaluate sources, and build evidence-based arguments in clear, well-organized prose. Emphasis is placed on drafting, peer review and revision as a process, on documenting sources with integrity, and on adapting style to different academic audiences. Short assignments lead to a researched argumentative essay, supported by workshops, library sessions and individual feedback on writing.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Introduction to Literature

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course introduces students to the close reading and critical interpretation of poetry, short fiction, drama and creative nonfiction. Students learn the vocabulary of literary analysis, including form, genre, voice, imagery and narrative technique, and practise writing interpretive essays supported by textual evidence. Readings draw from a range of periods, cultures and traditions, inviting discussion of how literature represents identity, power, place and change. Class discussion, short responses and a research-informed essay develop analytical and communication skills.

Prerequisites

ENG 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

British Literature to 1800

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course surveys the literature of the British Isles from the Old English period to the end of the eighteenth century. Students read epic, lyric, drama, prose narrative and satire in historical context, tracing the development of genres, languages and literary conventions from Beowulf through Chaucer, the Renaissance, the Restoration and the Enlightenment. Emphasis is placed on close reading, the relationship of texts to political and religious change, and the use of period-appropriate critical vocabulary. Students practise writing analytical essays and situating primary works within the cultural conditions that produced them.

Prerequisites

ENG 1200 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

American Literature

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course introduces students to American literature from the colonial period to the present. Through poetry, essays, short fiction, slave narratives and novels, students examine how writers imagine nation, identity, freedom and belonging, and how race, gender, class and region shape the American literary tradition. The course covers movements including Puritanism, Romanticism, Realism, Modernism and contemporary multi-ethnic writing. Students develop skills in close reading, contextual analysis and argumentative writing, and consider how canons are formed and challenged.

Prerequisites

ENG 1200 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Introduction to Creative Writing

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This workshop-based course introduces students to the practice of creative writing in poetry, short fiction and creative nonfiction. Students study published models, learn fundamental techniques such as image, voice, scene, character and structure, and produce original work each week. Class sessions combine craft discussion, writing exercises and constructive peer critique. Students develop a revision practice, learn to give and receive feedback, and assemble a portfolio of polished work that reflects growth across genres.

Prerequisites

ENG 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Shakespeare

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course offers an in-depth study of the plays and poetry of William Shakespeare. Students read representative comedies, histories, tragedies and romances along with the sonnets, examining language, dramatic structure, performance history and cultural context. Topics include early modern theatre practice, genre, gender and power, and the reception and adaptation of Shakespeare from the seventeenth century to the present. Students analyze scenes in performance as well as on the page, and engage with current critical approaches to the plays.

Prerequisites

ENG 2100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Postcolonial Literatures

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course examines literatures produced in societies shaped by colonialism and its aftermath. Students read novels, poetry, drama and essays from Africa, South Asia, the Caribbean, Oceania and Indigenous North America, alongside foundational theory by Fanon, Said, Spivak and Bhabha. Topics include language and decolonization, nationalism, hybridity, diaspora, gender and the politics of representation. The course asks how writers resist, adapt and rewrite colonial narratives and how readers can responsibly engage with texts from cultures other than their own.

Prerequisites

one of ENG 2100 with a minimum grade of C- or ENG 2200 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Literary Theory and Criticism

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course surveys the major theories and critical methods that shape the study of literature, from classical poetics to contemporary criticism. Students encounter formalism, structuralism, psychoanalysis, Marxism, feminism, queer theory, post-structuralism, critical race theory and ecocriticism, and apply each approach to literary texts. Emphasis is placed on understanding the assumptions behind interpretive positions, evaluating their strengths and limits, and writing criticism that is theoretically informed and clear. The course prepares students for senior research and graduate study.

Prerequisites

one of ENG 2100 with a minimum grade of C- or ENG 2200 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

The Modern Novel

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course studies the novel in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, from high modernism to contemporary experimental fiction. Students read works by authors such as Woolf, Joyce, Faulkner, Morrison, Rhys and Ishiguro and examine innovations in narrative voice, time, consciousness and structure. Topics include stream of consciousness, the unreliable narrator, historical fiction, metafiction and the global novel. The course situates the modern novel within social change, war, migration and technology, and considers how critics and readers have debated its forms and meanings.

Prerequisites

ENG 2200 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Senior Seminar in English Studies

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This capstone seminar brings together the skills and knowledge students have developed in the English major. Participants undertake a substantial independent research project on a topic related to the seminar's thematic focus, which varies by year, and share their work through drafts, peer review and a public symposium. The course also addresses professional dimensions of literary study, including scholarly writing, conference presentation, digital portfolios and pathways to graduate study and careers. Emphasis is placed on original argument, methodological awareness and polished communication.

Prerequisites

ENG 3300 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Introduction to Environmental Studies

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course introduces the study of environmental issues from scientific, social, economic and cultural perspectives. Students explore ecosystems, biodiversity, climate change, water, energy, food systems, pollution and waste, and the interactions between human societies and the natural world. They examine environmental policy, Indigenous knowledge and stewardship, environmental justice and strategies for sustainability. Field activities, data analysis and case studies develop skills in interdisciplinary analysis, and students design a local sustainability action project to connect learning to community.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Film and Culture

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Studies film as an art form, a business and a cultural force. Students learn to analyze cinematic language including cinematography, editing, sound and narrative, and apply this analysis to films from Hollywood, world cinema, documentary and independent traditions. The course examines how films represent gender, race, class, nation and identity, how audiences interpret them, and how technology and industry shape what is made and seen. Through screenings, discussion and written analysis, students develop the ability to read films critically and write persuasively about them.

Prerequisites

WRT 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Human Geography

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Introduces human geography, the study of how people, places and environments shape one another. Students examine population and migration, cultural landscapes, language and religion, political geography, economic development, agriculture, cities and the environment, using maps, spatial data and case studies from every region of the world. Concepts such as scale, place, space, diffusion and globalization are used to understand patterns of inequality and change. Students learn basic mapping and spatial analysis skills and consider sustainability, equity and human responsibility in a rapidly urbanizing world.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Urban Studies

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Explores cities as social, economic and spatial systems. The course introduces major concepts in urban studies including urbanization, urban form, land use, housing, transportation, planning and governance, and examines how these change in different historical and global contexts. Students investigate issues such as gentrification, segregation, informal settlements, suburbanization, sustainability and climate resilience, using case studies from Vancouver, Toronto and cities in the Global South. Fieldwork, mapping and basic spatial analysis help students observe and interpret the city, and consider the ethical dimensions of urban policy.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Foundations of University Learning

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course introduces students to the expectations, resources and habits of mind that support success in university study. Students examine how knowledge is created and communicated across disciplines, develop strategies for time management, reading, note-taking and collaborative learning, and explore the services and communities available on campus. Through reflection and practical exercises, students build an initial learning plan and an academic integrity toolkit. The course also begins a learning portfolio that follows students through the Bachelor of General Studies and helps them connect studies to personal goals.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Interdisciplinary Inquiry

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course develops the habits of interdisciplinary inquiry that define the Bachelor of General Studies. Students learn how different disciplines frame questions, gather evidence and build explanations, and practise combining insights from the humanities, social sciences, sciences and professional fields to address complex problems. Using themes such as health, technology, cities and food, students formulate research questions, search and synthesize literature, analyze evidence and communicate findings in written and oral forms. Collaborative inquiry projects and reflection on personal learning pathways prepare students for upper-level study.

Prerequisites

GST 1000 with a minimum grade of C-, and WRT 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Global Issues and Citizenship

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course examines global issues from interdisciplinary perspectives and develops the knowledge and dispositions of engaged global citizens. Students analyze topics such as inequality, migration, conflict, public health, climate change, digital technology and human rights, drawing on political economy, ethics, cultural studies and environmental science. Attention is given to colonial legacies, Indigenous rights, decolonizing perspectives and the roles of states, institutions and civil society. Case studies, simulations and community-engaged work encourage critical reflection on responsibilities and avenues for action in local and global contexts.

Prerequisites

GST 2000 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

General Studies Capstone Project

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This capstone integrates learning from across the Bachelor of General Studies. Students design and complete an independent or small-team project that addresses a significant interdisciplinary question, problem or community need, drawing on knowledge and skills from their chosen pathway. Projects may take the form of a research study, a creative or applied product, a community partnership or a policy proposal. Students develop a proposal, conduct ethical research or development, reflect on their learning, and present results to an audience of faculty, peers and community partners, culminating in a professional portfolio.

Prerequisites

GST 3000 with a minimum grade of C- (and at least 90 credits).

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

World History since 1500

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course surveys major developments in world history from 1500 to the present, with attention to global connections, empires, trade, migration, revolution, industrialization and decolonization. Students examine how societies in Asia, Africa, the Americas and Europe shaped and were shaped by each other. Using primary sources and historians' interpretations, students learn to analyze change over time, weigh evidence and construct historical arguments. Lectures, source workshops and discussion encourage a comparative and critical understanding of the modern world.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Human Resource Management

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Examines how organizations attract, develop, motivate and retain people. Students study job analysis, recruitment and selection, onboarding, training and development, performance management, compensation, employee relations and health and safety. The course considers employment law, equity and inclusion, and the effects of technology and remote work on the employment relationship. Cases, role plays and short exercises build practical skills in interviewing, giving feedback and resolving workplace issues, and prepare students for careers as managers, entrepreneurs or HR professionals.

Prerequisites

BUS 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Introduction to the Humanities

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Introduces students to the humanities as ways of asking questions about meaning, value and human experience. Through close engagement with philosophical texts, literature, visual art, music, and historical documents from several world traditions, the course explores how people have understood themselves, their communities and the natural world. Students practise interpretive reading, learn to distinguish description from argument, and consider how cultural context shapes meaning. Themes include story and myth, the good life, beauty, justice, and the role of the humanities in a technological society. Assignments develop clear writing, reflective practice and respectful dialogue across difference.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Leadership and Teamwork

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Explores the theory and practice of leadership and effective teamwork in organizations and communities. Students examine leadership styles, power and influence, motivation, team development, communication, conflict, decision making and ethical leadership. Self-assessment tools and experiential exercises help students understand their strengths and preferences, while case studies highlight leaders across cultures and sectors. A team-based service or organizational project provides the opportunity to practise leadership, followership and reflection, and to plan for lifelong development of leadership capacity.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Introduction to Linguistics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Introduces the scientific study of human language. Students explore how languages are structured at the levels of sounds, words, sentences and meaning, and how these structures are described using the tools of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. The course also considers how children acquire language, how languages change over time, and how language varies across social groups and regions. Students analyze data from English and a range of other languages, and discuss the relationship between language, thought, identity and power. No prior knowledge of linguistics is assumed.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

College Mathematics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course develops the mathematical reasoning needed for everyday decisions, further study and many careers. Students review arithmetic and algebra, then study ratios and percentages, linear and exponential models, financial mathematics, basic statistics and probability, and the interpretation of quantitative information in the media. Technology, including spreadsheets and graphing tools, supports problem solving. Emphasis is placed on understanding concepts, communicating reasoning, and evaluating the reasonableness of results in real-world situations. The course is designed for students in non-technical programs.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Quantitative Reasoning

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course builds the numerical and logical skills needed to interpret quantitative information in everyday life, work and the arts and social sciences. Topics include proportional reasoning, percentages, unit conversion, personal and organizational finance, exponential growth, basic probability, data displays, descriptive statistics and mathematical modelling. Students use spreadsheets to solve problems and communicate results. The emphasis is on understanding, estimation, and judging the reasonableness of numbers presented in media, policy and research.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Principles of Marketing

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Examines how organizations identify customer needs and create, price, promote and distribute products and services. Students study consumer behaviour, market research, segmentation and positioning, the marketing mix, branding, digital and social media marketing, and the ethical dimensions of marketing practice. Analytical exercises and a team marketing plan allow students to apply concepts to real products and services. The course is suitable for students planning careers in business, non-profit and public organizations as well as those interested in understanding persuasion in modern society.

Prerequisites

BUS 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Music Appreciation

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Develops informed and enjoyable listening through a survey of music from many periods, cultures and genres. Students learn the basic elements of music, including rhythm, melody, harmony, texture and form, and apply them to listening examples ranging from medieval chant and Baroque concertos to jazz, popular music and the music of Indigenous, African, Asian and Latin American traditions. The course explores how music reflects social change, identity and technology and how listeners experience it emotionally and culturally. No performance experience or ability to read music is required.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Critical Thinking and Reasoning

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course introduces the principles of clear and rigorous thinking. Students learn to identify and reconstruct arguments, distinguish deductive from inductive reasoning, and recognize common fallacies and cognitive biases. Topics include the structure of arguments, validity and soundness, informal logic, analogical and causal reasoning, probability and evidence, and the evaluation of claims in media and everyday life. Through exercises, debates and case studies drawn from science, politics and ethics, students develop habits of reflective, evidence-based judgment.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Ethics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Examines the major traditions of moral philosophy and their application to contemporary problems. Students study virtue ethics, consequentialism, deontology, contractarianism and care ethics, and consider metaethical questions about the objectivity and meaning of moral claims. Close reading of classic texts by Aristotle, Kant, Mill and Rawls is combined with analysis of applied issues such as poverty, animal welfare, technology and professional responsibility. Emphasis is placed on constructing and evaluating arguments, anticipating objections, and writing clear philosophical prose. The course develops the reasoning skills needed to reflect responsibly on moral choices in personal and public life.

Prerequisites

PHI 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Conceptual Physics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Develops a conceptual understanding of the fundamental laws of physics through everyday phenomena and demonstration. Topics include motion, forces and Newton's laws, energy and momentum, heat and thermodynamics, waves and sound, electricity and magnetism, light, and an introduction to modern physics. Mathematics is limited to arithmetic and simple algebra, with emphasis on qualitative reasoning, estimation and graph interpretation. Students use inquiry-based activities and simulations to test predictions and to connect physical principles to technology, sport and the environment.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Introduction to Political Science

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

Introduces the study of politics, power and government. Students examine core concepts such as the state, sovereignty, legitimacy, democracy and authoritarianism, and survey the main ideologies that shape political life. The course compares political institutions, electoral systems, party systems and federalism across countries, and considers how citizens participate through voting, movements and the media. It also introduces international relations, political economy and global challenges such as inequality and climate change. Students develop skills in reading political arguments, interpreting evidence and writing concise policy-oriented analysis.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Comparative Politics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Introduces the comparative study of political systems, institutions and processes. Students examine how democracies, authoritarian regimes and hybrid systems are organized and how they differ in electoral systems, party systems, federalism, executives and legislatures. Case studies from Canada, the United States, Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America illustrate concepts such as state formation, regime change, nationalism, political culture and development. Students learn to formulate comparative questions, select cases, and use qualitative and quantitative evidence to evaluate competing explanations of political outcomes.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Project Management Fundamentals

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Introduces the principles and practice of planning, executing and closing projects in business, community and technical settings. Students learn to define scope, build work breakdown structures, estimate time and cost, schedule activities, identify and manage risk, communicate with stakeholders and monitor progress. Agile and traditional approaches are compared. Using planning software and templates, students develop a complete project plan for a realistic project and reflect on teamwork, ethics and professional responsibility in project environments.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Introduction to Psychology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course introduces the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. Students survey the history and methods of psychology and major areas including the biological bases of behaviour, sensation and perception, learning, memory, cognition, development, motivation and emotion, personality, social behaviour, and psychological disorders and treatment. Emphasis is placed on how psychologists gather and evaluate evidence, on research ethics, and on applying psychological findings to everyday life. Students participate in demonstrations and take part in research as part of the course.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Psychology of Everyday Life

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Applies psychological science to everyday life, exploring how people think, feel, behave and relate to others. Using real-world examples from relationships, work, health, media, learning and technology, the course introduces core topics including perception, memory, motivation, emotion, personality, stress, social influence and well-being. Students learn how psychologists use research to test ideas, distinguish scientific findings from folk beliefs, and apply evidence-based strategies to improve decision making and mental health. The course encourages reflection on diversity, culture and ethics in the study of behaviour.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Research Methods in Psychology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course introduces the logic and practice of scientific inquiry in psychology. Students learn how to formulate testable hypotheses, design experimental, correlational and quasi-experimental studies, measure psychological constructs, and evaluate threats to validity. The course covers sampling, ethics in research with human participants, survey and observational methods, and the basics of qualitative approaches. Students apply descriptive and inferential statistics to real data sets, interpret results, and report findings in APA style. Emphasis is placed on research transparency, replication and the responsible communication of findings, culminating in a small group study that students design, run and present.

Prerequisites

PSY 1100 with a minimum grade of C-, and STA 2100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Developmental Psychology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course surveys human development from conception through late adulthood. Students examine physical, cognitive, social and emotional change across the lifespan and the theories that explain it, including Piaget, Vygotsky, Erikson, attachment theory and ecological systems perspectives. Topics include prenatal development, early childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood, midlife and ageing. The course considers genetic, family, cultural and socioeconomic influences on development and the methods developmental scientists use. Students apply theory to everyday issues such as parenting, education, identity and grief, and consider diversity and equity across contexts.

Prerequisites

PSY 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Social Psychology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course examines how people think about, influence and relate to one another. Students study social cognition, attitudes and persuasion, conformity and obedience, group dynamics, prejudice and discrimination, aggression, prosocial behaviour and interpersonal attraction. Classic experiments and contemporary research are considered alongside debates about replication and the role of culture and context. Students apply social psychological theory to current issues such as misinformation, polarization, inequality and online behaviour, and consider the ethical implications of studying and shaping social behaviour.

Prerequisites

PSY 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Cognitive Psychology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course explores how the mind acquires, stores, transforms and uses information. Topics include attention, perception, working memory, long-term memory, knowledge representation, language, problem solving, reasoning, decision making and expertise. Students learn the experimental paradigms of cognitive psychology, interpret reaction time and accuracy data, and connect behavioural findings to computational and neuroscience models. Applications to education, eyewitness testimony, human-computer interaction and artificial intelligence are discussed. Students participate in hands-on experiments and learn to evaluate competing cognitive theories.

Prerequisites

PSY 1100 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Abnormal Psychology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course examines the description, classification, causes and treatment of psychological disorders. Students study anxiety, mood, trauma-related, psychotic, personality, neurodevelopmental and substance-related disorders using the DSM-5-TR framework and contemporary models such as the diathesis-stress and biopsychosocial approaches. The course covers assessment, diagnosis, evidence-based treatments and prevention, and critically considers stigma, cultural variation, the medical model and ethical issues in clinical practice. Case studies and first-person narratives are used to connect research to lived experience.

Prerequisites

one of PSY 2200 with a minimum grade of C- or PSY 2300 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Biological Psychology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course investigates the biological bases of behaviour and mental processes. Students study the structure and function of neurons and the nervous system, neurotransmission, methods for measuring brain activity, and the neural bases of sensation, movement, sleep, emotion, learning, memory and language. The course considers hormones, genetics, evolution and neuroplasticity, as well as the biological dimensions of psychological disorders and substance use. Students critically evaluate neuroscience claims in the media and consider ethical issues in neurotechnology. Lab demonstrations and data interpretation exercises are included.

Prerequisites

PSY 2400 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Personality Psychology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course examines major theoretical perspectives on personality and the evidence for individual differences in thought, feeling and behaviour. Students study trait models such as the Big Five, psychodynamic, humanistic, social-cognitive and evolutionary approaches, as well as the roles of genes, culture and situations. The course covers personality assessment, its reliability and validity, stability and change across the lifespan, and links between personality and health, work and relationships. Students critically evaluate popular personality tests and reflect on cultural bias, fairness and ethical use of assessment.

Prerequisites

PSY 2300 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Advanced Seminar in Psychology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This capstone seminar investigates a selected topic in psychology at an advanced level through intensive reading, discussion and independent research. Students engage with primary literature, evaluate competing theories and methods, and examine controversies in the discipline such as replication, measurement and the societal use of psychological science. Each student develops a literature-based research proposal, leads class discussion and produces a polished final paper. The course emphasizes scholarly writing, constructive peer review, ethical reasoning and integration of knowledge from the major, and prepares students for graduate study or research-oriented careers.

Prerequisites

PSY 2100 with a minimum grade of C- (and one 3000-level PSY course).

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

World Religions

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Examines the beliefs, practices, texts and histories of the world's major religious traditions, including Indigenous traditions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, and East Asian religions. Students approach religion as a human and cultural phenomenon, using comparative methods from religious studies, history and anthropology. Topics include sacred texts, ritual, myth, ethics, community and the relationship between religion and politics, science and secular life. The course emphasizes respectful dialogue, informed understanding of diversity and critical reflection on how religion shapes societies today.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Science in Everyday Life

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course explores the scientific ideas and ways of thinking that shape everyday life. Using familiar topics such as food, health, energy, weather, materials, technology and the night sky, students learn core concepts from physics, chemistry, biology and earth science, together with the nature and limits of scientific inquiry. Students practise observing, measuring, designing simple experiments, interpreting data and evaluating scientific claims in the media. Laboratory-style activities and case studies connect science to society, ethics and decision making. No previous science background is assumed.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Introduction to Sociology

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course introduces the sociological perspective and the study of social life. Students examine culture, socialization, social structure, inequality, race and ethnicity, gender, family, education, deviance and social change. Major theoretical approaches, including functionalism, conflict theory and symbolic interactionism, are applied to contemporary issues. Students are introduced to sociological research methods and learn to interpret data and reflect on how their own lives are shaped by social forces, preparing them for further study in the social sciences.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Contemporary Social Issues

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Applies sociological concepts and research evidence to pressing social issues in Canada and globally, including inequality, poverty, racism, gender and sexuality, migration, health, environmental change and digital technology. Students examine how social problems are defined, measured and addressed, and evaluate competing explanations and policy responses. The course emphasizes the interpretation of data, the use of sociological theories, and the ethical responsibilities of citizens and researchers. Through case studies, debates and a community-focused project, students develop the ability to analyze social issues critically and propose evidence-based solutions.

Prerequisites

GST 1000 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Introductory Statistics for the Social Sciences

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus

This course introduces statistical reasoning and methods for the social sciences. Students learn to describe data, understand sampling and probability, estimate population parameters, test hypotheses, and analyze relationships using correlation and simple regression. Common tests for means, proportions and categorical association are covered. Students use statistical software to analyze real datasets from sociology, psychology and economics and learn to report findings clearly and ethically. Emphasis is on interpretation, assumptions and the limits of inference.

Prerequisites

MAT 1150 with a minimum grade of C-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of Arts

Writing for University and the Workplace

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course develops the writing skills required in university study and in professional settings. Students practise planning, drafting, revising and editing a range of texts, including summaries, arguments, reports and workplace correspondence. They learn to analyze audience and purpose, structure ideas logically, integrate and cite sources, and adopt clear and inclusive style. Workshops, peer review and instructor conferences provide regular feedback. Students also learn to use digital writing tools responsibly and compile a portfolio of revised writing that demonstrates growth over the term.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Bachelor of General Studies

Mathematical Methods for Economists

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course develops the mathematical tools used throughout graduate economics. Topics include real analysis and convexity, linear algebra, multivariate calculus, unconstrained and constrained optimization, the envelope theorem, comparative statics, correspondences and fixed-point theorems, and an introduction to dynamic optimization and probability. Emphasis is placed on rigorous proof and on applying each technique to canonical economic problems in consumer, producer and equilibrium theory. Weekly problem sets build fluency, and students learn to read and write the formal arguments that appear in modern economics research papers.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Microeconomic Theory I

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course is the first of three on microeconomic theory at the doctoral level. It covers preference and choice theory, consumer demand and welfare, production and cost, expected utility and risk, aggregation, and general equilibrium in exchange and production economies. Students study the welfare theorems, the Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu results and the core of an economy. The course emphasizes careful axiomatic reasoning and the use of duality methods, preparing students to read the contemporary microeconomic literature and develop their own models.

Prerequisites

ECN 7000 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Microeconomic Theory II

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course continues the microeconomic theory sequence with the analysis of markets and welfare. Topics include partial equilibrium, imperfect competition and oligopoly, externalities and public goods, social choice and welfare economics, and the foundations of mechanism design. Students study the Arrow impossibility theorem, Gibbard-Satterthwaite, incentive compatibility and the revelation principle. The course develops skill in modelling strategic and institutional environments and in judging when market outcomes are efficient, preparing students for game theory and field courses.

Prerequisites

ECN 7100 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Microeconomic Theory III: Games and Information

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course completes the microeconomic theory sequence with a rigorous treatment of non-cooperative game theory and the economics of information. Topics include normal and extensive form games, Nash and subgame perfect equilibrium, Bayesian games, signalling and screening, repeated games, refinements of equilibrium, adverse selection, moral hazard and auctions. Students formalize strategic problems, prove existence and characterization results and examine applications in industrial organization, labour, finance and political economy. The course builds the modelling capacity needed to produce original theoretical research.

Prerequisites

ECN 7110 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Macroeconomic Theory I

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course is the first in the doctoral macroeconomic theory sequence. It covers the neoclassical growth model, the Solow and Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans frameworks, overlapping generations, dynamic programming in discrete and continuous time, and the recursive competitive equilibrium. Students study consumption and savings, capital accumulation, and the welfare theorems in dynamic settings. The course emphasizes formal analysis and numerical solution, linking theory to long-run facts about growth and development and preparing students for the more advanced macroeconomics courses.

Prerequisites

ECN 7000 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Macroeconomic Theory II

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course continues the macroeconomic theory sequence with stochastic dynamic models and the study of business cycles. Topics include stochastic growth, real business cycle models, consumption and asset pricing, search and unemployment, new Keynesian models with nominal rigidities, optimal monetary and fiscal policy, and financial frictions. Students solve linearized models, analyze impulse responses and evaluate competing explanations of aggregate fluctuations. The course combines theory, calibration and critical reading of the policy literature.

Prerequisites

ECN 7200 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Macroeconomic Theory III: Computational Methods

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course trains students in the numerical methods used to solve and estimate modern macroeconomic models. Topics include projection and perturbation methods, value function and policy function iteration, heterogeneous agent models with idiosyncratic risk, the Aiyagari and Krusell-Smith frameworks, discrete choice dynamic models, structural estimation and simulation methods, and high-performance computing practices. Students write and benchmark their own code, replicate published results and extend them. Reproducibility, testing and code documentation are required throughout.

Prerequisites

ECN 7210 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Econometrics I

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course is the first in the econometrics sequence and develops the theory of estimation and inference for the linear model. Topics include probability and asymptotic theory, the classical linear regression model, ordinary and generalized least squares, heteroskedasticity-robust inference, instrumental variables, the generalized method of moments, maximum likelihood, hypothesis testing and bootstrap methods. Emphasis is placed on rigorous derivations and on implementing estimators in statistical software to analyze real economic data.

Prerequisites

ECN 7000 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Econometrics II

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course continues the econometrics sequence with methods for cross-sectional and microeconometric data. Topics include binary, count and multinomial choice models, censored and truncated data, sample selection, treatment effects, instrumental variables with heterogeneous effects, regression discontinuity, difference-in-differences, matching, nonparametric and semiparametric estimation, and an introduction to causal inference. Students study the identification arguments behind each method, implement estimators on microdata and critically examine applied papers. Assignments develop the habits of careful, reproducible empirical work.

Prerequisites

ECN 7300 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Econometrics III: Time Series and Panel Data

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course completes the econometrics sequence with time series and panel data methods. Topics include stationary and nonstationary processes, ARMA and VAR models, unit roots and cointegration, structural identification, forecasting, volatility models, static and dynamic panel estimation, fixed and random effects, GMM estimation of dynamic panels, and large-T and large-N asymptotics. Students implement methods on macroeconomic, financial and microeconomic panels, interpret results in economic terms and learn to present empirical findings in a form suitable for submission to a journal.

Prerequisites

ECN 7310 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Research Design and Professional Practice in Economics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course introduces doctoral students to the practice of economic research and the professional norms of the discipline. Topics include formulating research questions, reviewing literature, choosing theoretical and empirical strategies, research ethics and integrity, data management and reproducibility, writing for economics journals, giving seminar and conference presentations, refereeing, grant and fellowship applications, and preparing for the academic and non-academic job markets. Students develop a research proposal and receive structured feedback from faculty and peers.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Economic History and the History of Economic Thought

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This course surveys the evolution of economic ideas and the historical processes that shape economies. It examines classical political economy, the marginal revolution, Marshallian and Walrasian traditions, Keynesian and monetarist debates, the rise of general equilibrium and game theory, and recent shifts toward empirical and behavioural approaches. Alongside, it studies key episodes in economic history, including industrialization, the gold standard, the Great Depression and postwar growth. Students develop historical perspective on current debates and learn to read primary sources critically.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Development Economics I

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This doctoral field course introduces the microeconomic foundations of development economics. Students study models of poverty traps, credit, insurance and savings constraints, human capital investment, household behaviour, technology adoption and the organization of firms in low-income economies. The course pairs theory with the empirical methods that dominate the field, including randomized controlled trials, panel data and structural estimation, and trains students to read and referee frontier papers. Seminar discussion and replication exercises prepare students to identify a research question, assess its identification strategy and begin an original research proposal suitable for a dissertation field paper.

Prerequisites

ECN 7110 with a minimum grade of B-, and ECN 7310 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Development Economics II

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This advanced field course extends Development Economics I to the aggregate and institutional questions of development. Topics include structural transformation, misallocation and productivity, migration and urbanization, trade and development, the historical roots of institutions, state capacity and taxation, conflict, social protection and climate. Students engage with quasi-experimental, spatial and structural approaches, including satellite and administrative data. Emphasis is placed on research design, interpretation of long-run evidence and the identification of open questions. Students develop a full research paper that makes an original contribution suitable for submission to a field workshop.

Prerequisites

ECN 8100 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Political Economy

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This field course examines how political institutions and individual incentives shape economic policy and outcomes. Topics include social choice, electoral competition, probabilistic voting, special interest politics, agency and accountability, media and information, redistribution, the origins of democracy and dictatorship, clientelism, conflict, state capacity and populism. The course emphasizes formal modelling using game theory alongside the empirical strategies that test political models, including regression discontinuity and natural experiments. Students write referee reports, replicate key papers and develop an original research paper at the intersection of economics and political science.

Prerequisites

ECN 7120 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Labour Economics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This doctoral field course covers the theory and evidence of modern labour economics. Topics include labour supply and demand, human capital and the returns to schooling, compensating differentials, search and matching, monopsony and wage dispersion, wage inequality and technological change, minimum wages, immigration, discrimination and gender gaps, firm effects in matched employer-employee data, and intergenerational mobility. Emphasis is placed on research design and on the interplay between structural models and credible reduced-form evidence. Students critique published work, replicate empirical results using administrative data, and develop an original research paper in the field.

Prerequisites

ECN 7110 with a minimum grade of B-, and ECN 7310 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Public Economics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This doctoral field course develops the theory and empirics of public economics. Topics include optimal income and commodity taxation, capital taxation, tax incidence, behavioural responses to taxes, public goods and externalities, social insurance including unemployment insurance and pensions, health insurance, local public goods and fiscal federalism, tax evasion and enforcement, and the sufficient-statistics approach to welfare analysis. The course links normative theory with quasi-experimental evidence and policy design. Students critique frontier papers, work through formal derivations and replications, and write an original research paper on a question in tax or public policy.

Prerequisites

ECN 7110 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Health Economics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This doctoral field course applies economic theory and causal inference to health and health care. Topics include the Grossman model of health demand, health insurance and moral hazard, adverse selection and market design, hospital and physician behaviour, pharmaceutical markets, the socioeconomic gradient in health, early-life determinants of health, public insurance programs, health in low-income countries and behavioural health. Emphasis is placed on empirical strategies using administrative and claims data, including difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity and randomized evaluations. Students replicate published studies, write referee reports and develop an original research paper on a health policy question.

Prerequisites

ECN 7310 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

International Trade

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This doctoral field course presents the theory and empirics of international trade. Topics include Ricardian and Heckscher-Ohlin models, increasing returns and monopolistic competition, firm heterogeneity, the gravity equation, welfare gains from trade, trade and inequality, the China shock, trade policy and agreements, global value chains, offshoring and economic geography. Students learn to build and calibrate quantitative trade models and to identify trade elasticities from data. The course emphasizes the link between theory and evidence and prepares students to write an original research paper in international trade.

Prerequisites

ECN 7110 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

International Macroeconomics and Finance

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This doctoral field course develops the theory and evidence of open-economy macroeconomics and international finance. Topics include intertemporal models of the current account, real exchange rates, exchange rate puzzles, open-economy New Keynesian models, dominant currency pricing, sovereign debt and default, currency and banking crises, sudden stops, capital flow regulation, the global financial cycle and global imbalances. Students solve and simulate dynamic models, estimate relationships using macro and financial data, and critically evaluate policy debates. The course culminates in an original research paper that combines a theoretical framework with empirical or quantitative analysis.

Prerequisites

ECN 7210 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Financial Economics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This doctoral field course covers the theory and empirics of asset pricing and financial economics. Topics include expected utility and the stochastic discount factor, CAPM and multifactor models, the equity premium puzzle, habits and long-run risk, the term structure of interest rates, market microstructure, limits to arbitrage, behavioural finance, intermediary asset pricing, corporate finance and household finance. Students learn to test asset pricing models using GMM and cross-sectional methods and to assess the empirical evidence critically. The course prepares students to produce an original research paper at the interface of finance and economic theory.

Prerequisites

ECN 7110 with a minimum grade of B-, and ECN 7210 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Industrial Organization

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This doctoral field course covers the theory and empirical analysis of imperfectly competitive markets. Topics include monopoly and price discrimination, oligopoly, product differentiation, collusion, entry deterrence, vertical relations, auctions, two-sided platforms, innovation and antitrust. The empirical component focuses on structural estimation, including demand estimation with random-coefficients discrete choice models, production function estimation, dynamic entry and merger simulation. Students program and estimate models using real market data, critique published papers and develop an original research paper that combines theory with careful empirical analysis.

Prerequisites

ECN 7120 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Empirical Methods in Applied Microeconomics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This doctoral course provides advanced training in the empirical methods that underpin modern applied microeconomics. Topics include potential outcomes and identification, matching, instrumental variables and local average treatment effects, regression discontinuity, difference-in-differences with staggered adoption, synthetic control, shift-share designs, experimental design and power, inference with clustered and multiple outcomes, partial identification and machine learning for causal inference. Students implement the methods in statistical software, replicate published studies and critique research design. The course concludes with an original empirical research paper that demonstrates credible identification and transparent, reproducible practice.

Prerequisites

ECN 7310 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Behavioural Economics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

This doctoral field course examines how psychological evidence refines economic theory and policy. Topics include prospect theory and reference dependence, time inconsistency and self-control, social preferences, biased beliefs and heuristics, limited attention, nudges and choice architecture, behavioural industrial organization and contract design, behavioural welfare economics and the methodology of laboratory and field experiments. Students formalize behavioural models, evaluate the empirical evidence, and design and analyze experiments. The course culminates in an original research paper that proposes and tests a behavioural model or designs a behavioural intervention suitable for field testing.

Prerequisites

ECN 7120 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Doctoral Research Workshop I

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online · Pass or fail

This workshop launches doctoral students into independent research in economics. Students identify research questions, position them within the literature, and develop a first research design through weekly presentations and structured peer feedback. Sessions cover idea generation, identification strategies, data sources, reproducible workflows, and the norms of professional seminars and refereeing. Each student produces a research idea paper and presents it to faculty and peers. The course is graded Pass/Fail and builds the habits of regular writing, clear exposition and constructive critique needed for dissertation work.

Prerequisites

ECN 7400 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Doctoral Research Workshop II

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online · Pass or fail

This second workshop advances students from a research idea to a full working paper. Students present revised drafts, receive structured critique, and refine empirical or theoretical analysis, with attention to robustness, exposition and the conventions of the job-market paper. Sessions address conference and seminar practice, responding to referees, coauthorship, and preparation for the comprehensive examination and proposal stage. Students deliver a working paper, a conference-style presentation and a submitted-style referee response. The course is graded Pass/Fail and emphasizes sustained progress, intellectual independence and professional conduct in research.

Prerequisites

ECN 9000 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Dissertation Proposal

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online · Pass or fail

This course guides doctoral candidates through preparation, submission and defence of a dissertation proposal in economics. Students formulate a coherent programme of research, review the relevant literature, specify models and empirical strategies, and develop a feasible timeline and data plan. Work proceeds through supervisory meetings, written drafts, mock defences and committee consultation, with attention to research ethics and funding. Students submit a written proposal and defend it before their committee. The course is graded Pass/Fail and marks the transition to independent doctoral research.

Prerequisites

ECN 9010 with a minimum grade of B- (and successful completion of the comprehensive examinations).

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Dissertation Research I

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online · Pass or fail

This course supports the first stage of independent dissertation research under the guidance of a supervisor and committee. Candidates carry out the first major component of the dissertation, such as a model, an empirical analysis or a computational study, and prepare it as a chapter-length paper. Regular supervisory meetings, a mid-term progress seminar and committee check-in structure the work. Candidates also develop research data management, replication and presentation practices. The course is graded Pass/Fail on the basis of milestones achieved and evidence of sustained progress toward a significant original contribution.

Prerequisites

ECN 9200 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Dissertation Research II

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online · Pass or fail

This course continues independent dissertation research with emphasis on the second and third substantive components of the dissertation. Candidates extend their programme, integrate findings across chapters, and prepare work for external audiences such as conferences, seminars and the job market. Regular supervisory meetings, a conference-style presentation and a committee review structure the term. Candidates refine writing, respond to external critique and strengthen reproducible research practices. The course is graded Pass/Fail on the basis of milestones achieved and demonstrated progress toward a coherent dissertation that makes a significant original contribution.

Prerequisites

ECN 9300 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Dissertation Research III and Defence

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online · Pass or fail

This capstone course completes the doctoral dissertation and culminates in the oral defence. Candidates finish remaining research, integrate chapters into a coherent dissertation, revise in response to committee feedback, and prepare for examination by an internal and external examiner. Regular supervisory meetings, a pre-defence seminar and a mock defence structure the term. Candidates also ready their replication materials and plan the dissemination of their work. The course is graded Pass/Fail and a Pass requires a successful defence and acceptance of the final dissertation by the committee and graduate studies.

Prerequisites

ECN 9310 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics

Entrepreneurship and New Venture Creation

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Examines how entrepreneurs identify opportunities, test ideas and build new ventures. Students study opportunity recognition, customer discovery, business model design, lean experimentation, venture team formation, resource acquisition, legal structures and early-stage growth. Through a term-long venture project, teams develop and validate a business concept, build a minimum viable product plan and pitch to a panel of practitioners. Cases and guest founders illustrate the ethical, social and financial challenges of starting and scaling a business. The course integrates marketing, finance and strategy concepts from the core and prepares students for the specialization.

Prerequisites

MGT 5110 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Master of Management

Innovation and Design Thinking

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Explores how organizations and entrepreneurs generate, develop and commercialize innovations through human-centred design. Students learn the design thinking process of empathizing, defining, ideating, prototyping and testing, and apply it to real organizational challenges. The course covers innovation strategy, disruptive and incremental innovation, creativity techniques, rapid prototyping, service design and managing innovation portfolios. Students work in teams with a sponsoring client organization to deliver a tested prototype and an implementation recommendation, while considering the social, ethical and environmental consequences of new products and services.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Master of Management

Entrepreneurial Finance and Venture Capital

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Analyzes how entrepreneurial ventures are valued and financed from seed stage through exit. Students study start-up valuation methods, financial planning, term sheets, venture capital fund economics, angel investing, due diligence, governance and exit strategies such as acquisitions and public offerings. Using cases and negotiation exercises, students build capitalization tables, model dilution across funding rounds and assess the interests of founders and investors. The course also examines alternative financing, including debt, grants and crowdfunding, and considers ethical and diversity issues in venture finance. A final investment memo requires integration of valuation, deal structure and strategy.

Prerequisites

MGT 5120 with a minimum grade of B-, and ENT 5200 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Master of Management

Corporate Finance

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Introduces the principles and tools of corporate financial management. Topics include the time value of money, bond and equity valuation, capital budgeting under certainty and risk, the cost of capital, capital structure, dividend policy, working capital management, and financial planning. Students build spreadsheet models to value projects and firms and evaluate financing alternatives. The course emphasizes how financial decisions create value for shareholders and other stakeholders and examines ethical responsibilities in financial decision making and reporting.

Prerequisites

MGT 5120 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Master of Management

Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Examines how investors select securities and construct portfolios. Topics include risk and return, mean-variance optimization, asset pricing models, market efficiency, equity and fixed-income analysis, performance evaluation, behavioural finance, and the role of derivatives and alternative investments. Students construct and evaluate portfolios using real market data and software, write an investment policy statement and compare active and passive strategies. The course addresses fiduciary duty, professional ethics and responsible investing as integral parts of portfolio management.

Prerequisites

FIN 5300 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Master of Management

Financial Risk Management

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Studies how organizations identify, measure and manage financial risk. Topics include market, credit, liquidity and operational risk, value at risk, forwards, futures, swaps and options, hedging strategies, interest rate and foreign exchange risk, credit derivatives, enterprise risk management and regulatory frameworks. Students build quantitative risk models, price simple derivatives and design hedging programs for case companies. The course addresses lessons from financial crises, governance of risk, and the ethical responsibilities of risk managers.

Prerequisites

FIN 5300 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Master of Management

Organizational Behaviour and Leadership

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Examines how individuals, groups and organizations behave and how leaders shape performance. Topics include personality and perception, motivation, decision making, team dynamics, power and influence, conflict and negotiation, organizational culture, and leading change. Students analyze real organizational situations, assess their own leadership style through structured feedback, and practise evidence-based management skills. Emphasis is placed on ethical leadership, diversity and inclusion, and the application of behavioural research to practical problems facing managers in contemporary, often hybrid, workplaces.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Master of Management

Managerial Economics

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Applies microeconomic reasoning to managerial decisions. Topics include demand estimation and forecasting, production and cost analysis, pricing in competitive and imperfectly competitive markets, game theory, strategic interaction, asymmetric information, and the economics of regulation and externalities. Students use spreadsheets and real data to estimate relationships and evaluate alternatives, and they connect economic analysis to decisions about pricing, capacity, investment and competitive response. Emphasis is on translating theory into clear recommendations for managers.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Master of Management

Accounting for Managers

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Introduces financial and managerial accounting from the perspective of managers who use, rather than prepare, accounting information. Topics include the accounting equation and financial statements, revenue recognition, inventory and long-term assets, financial statement analysis, cost behaviour and cost-volume-profit analysis, budgeting, performance measurement, and internal controls. Students analyze company reports, build budgets and evaluate decisions using relevant costs. Ethical reporting, transparency and the limits of accounting numbers are discussed throughout, with reference to current standards.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Master of Management

Marketing Management

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Explores how organizations create, communicate and deliver value to customers. Topics include consumer behaviour, market research, segmentation, targeting and positioning, product and brand management, pricing, distribution, integrated marketing communications, digital and social media marketing, and marketing metrics. Students analyze cases, interpret market data and develop a marketing plan for a real or simulated offering. Ethical and societal issues, including privacy, sustainability and responsible advertising, are considered as part of sound marketing practice.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Master of Management

Strategic Management

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

Examines how organizations achieve and sustain competitive advantage. Topics include industry and competitor analysis, resources and capabilities, business-level and corporate strategy, diversification, international strategy, mergers and alliances, strategy implementation, and strategic leadership. Students apply analytical frameworks to complex, real-world cases and integrate knowledge from organizational behaviour, economics and marketing. The course also addresses corporate governance, ethics and sustainability as elements of long-term value creation, and requires students to present reasoned strategic recommendations.

Prerequisites

MGT 5100 with a minimum grade of B-, MGT 5110 with a minimum grade of B-, and MGT 5130 with a minimum grade of B-.

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Master of Management

Applied Management Project

3 credits · 3 lecture per week · On campus, Online

A capstone course in which students undertake an applied management project for an external organization or a rigorously defined internal case. Working with a faculty supervisor and an organizational sponsor, students scope a managerial problem, gather and analyze evidence, develop and test recommendations, and plan implementation. The course integrates learning from across the program and emphasizes project management, professional communication, ethical practice and reflective learning. Students deliver a written report, an executive presentation and a portfolio reflection.

Prerequisites

MGT 5140 with a minimum grade of B- (and at least 18 credits in the program).

Effective Sep 8, 2026 · Part of Master of Management